环境:
第一个SSM整合项目
已上传GitHub:https://github.com/MCContinuing/SSMBuild
数据库设计
创建一个存放书籍数据的数据库表
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| CREATE DATABASE `ssmbuild`;
USE `ssmbuild`;
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `books`;
CREATE TABLE `books` ( `bookID` INT(10) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT COMMENT '书id', `bookName` VARCHAR(100) NOT NULL COMMENT '书名', `bookCounts` INT(11) NOT NULL COMMENT '数量', `detail` VARCHAR(200) NOT NULL COMMENT '描述', KEY `bookID` (`bookID`) ) ENGINE=INNODB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8
INSERT INTO `books`(`bookID`,`bookName`,`bookCounts`,`detail`)VALUES (1,'Java',1,'从入门到放弃'), (2,'MySQL',10,'从删库到跑路'), (3,'Linux',5,'从进门到进牢');
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基本环境搭建
项目依赖配置
pom.xml
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| <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd"> <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<groupId>com.mc</groupId> <artifactId>SSMBuild</artifactId> <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
<dependencies> <dependency> <groupId>junit</groupId> <artifactId>junit</artifactId> <version>4.12</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>mysql</groupId> <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId> <version>5.1.47</version> </dependency>
<dependency> <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId> <artifactId>servlet-api</artifactId> <version>2.5</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId> <artifactId>jsp-api</artifactId> <version>2.0</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId> <artifactId>jstl</artifactId> <version>1.2</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.mybatis</groupId> <artifactId>mybatis</artifactId> <version>3.5.2</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.mybatis</groupId> <artifactId>mybatis-spring</artifactId> <version>2.0.2</version> </dependency>
<dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId> <version>5.1.10.RELEASE</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-jdbc</artifactId> <version>5.1.10.RELEASE</version> </dependency>
<dependency> <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId> <artifactId>lombok</artifactId> <version>1.18.10</version> </dependency> </dependencies>
<build> <resources> <resource> <directory>src/main/java</directory> <includes> <include>**/*.properties</include> <include>**/*.xml</include> </includes> <filtering>false</filtering> </resource> <resource> <directory>src/main/resources</directory> <includes> <include>**/*.properties</include> <include>**/*.xml</include> </includes> <filtering>false</filtering> </resource> </resources> </build> </project>
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建立基本结构和配置框架!
com.kuang.pojo
com.kuang.dao
com.kuang.service
com.kuang.controller
mybatis-config.xml
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| <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?> <!DOCTYPE configuration PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Config 3.0//EN" "http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-config.dtd"> <configuration>
</configuration>
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applicationContext.xml
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| <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd">
</beans>
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整合Mybatis层

1、数据库配置文件 database.properties
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| jdbc.driver=com.mysql.jdbc.Driver jdbc.url=jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/ssmbuild?useSSL=true&useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=utf8&serverTimezone=Asia/Shanghai jdbc.username=root jdbc.password=admin
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2、IDEA关联数据库
3、编写MyBatis的核心配置文件
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| <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?> <!DOCTYPE configuration PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Config 3.0//EN" "http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-config.dtd"> <configuration> <typeAliases> <package name="com.kuang.pojo"/> </typeAliases> <mappers> <mapper resource="com/mc/dao/BookMapper.xml"/> </mappers>
</configuration>
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4、编写数据库对应的实体类 com.kuang.pojo.Books
使用lombok插件!
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| package com.mc.pojo;
import lombok.AllArgsConstructor; import lombok.Data; import lombok.NoArgsConstructor;
@Data @AllArgsConstructor @NoArgsConstructor public class Books { private int bookID; private String bookName; private int bookCounts; private String detail; }
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5、编写Dao层的 Mapper接口!
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| package com.mc.dao;
import com.mc.pojo.Books; import java.util.List;
public interface BookMapper {
int addBook(Books book);
int deleteBookById(int id);
int updateBook(Books books);
Books queryBookById(int id);
List<Books> queryAllBook();
}
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6、编写接口对应的 Mapper.xml 文件。需要导入MyBatis的包;
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| <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?> <!DOCTYPE mapper PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Mapper 3.0//EN" "http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-mapper.dtd">
<mapper namespace="com.mc.dao.BookMapper">
<insert id="addBook" parameterType="Books"> insert into ssmbuild.books(bookName,bookCounts,detail) values (#{bookName}, #{bookCounts}, #{detail}) </insert>
<delete id="deleteBookById" parameterType="int"> delete from ssmbuild.books where bookID=#{bookID} </delete>
<update id="updateBook" parameterType="Books"> update ssmbuild.books set bookName = #{bookName},bookCounts = #{bookCounts},detail = #{detail} where bookID = #{bookID} </update>
<select id="queryBookById" resultType="Books"> select * from ssmbuild.books where bookID = #{bookID} </select>
<select id="queryAllBook" resultType="Books"> SELECT * from ssmbuild.books </select>
</mapper>
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7、编写Service层的接口和实现类
接口:
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| package com.mc.service;
import com.mc.pojo.Books;
import java.util.List;
public interface BookService { int addBook(Books book); int deleteBookById(int id); int updateBook(Books books); Books queryBookById(int id); List<Books> queryAllBook(); }
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实现类:
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| package com.mc.service;
import com.mc.dao.BookMapper; import com.mc.pojo.Books; import java.util.List;
public class BookServiceImpl implements BookService {
private BookMapper bookMapper;
public void setBookMapper(BookMapper bookMapper) { this.bookMapper = bookMapper; } public int addBook(Books book) { return bookMapper.addBook(book); } public int deleteBookById(int id) { return bookMapper.deleteBookById(id); } public int updateBook(Books books) { return bookMapper.updateBook(books); } public Books queryBookById(int id) { return bookMapper.queryBookById(id); } public List<Books> queryAllBook() { return bookMapper.queryAllBook(); } }
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OK,到此,底层需求操作编写完毕!
整合Spring层

1、配置Spring整合MyBatis,我们这里数据源使用c3p0连接池;
2、我们去编写Spring整合Mybatis的相关的配置文件;spring-dao.xml
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| <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context https://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd">
<context:property-placeholder location="classpath:database.properties"/>
<bean id="dataSource" class="org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DriverManagerDataSource"> <property name="driverClassName" value="com.mysql.jdbc.Driver"/> <property name="url" value="jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/mybatis?useSSL=true&useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=utf8"/> <property name="username" value="root"/> <property name="password" value="admin"/> </bean> <bean id="sqlSessionFactory" class="org.mybatis.spring.SqlSessionFactoryBean"> <property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource"/> <property name="configLocation" value="classpath:mybatis-config.xml"/> </bean>
<bean class="org.mybatis.spring.mapper.MapperScannerConfigurer"> <property name="sqlSessionFactoryBeanName" value="sqlSessionFactory"/> <property name="basePackage" value="com.mc.dao"/> </bean>
</beans>
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3、Spring整合service层
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| <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd">
<context:component-scan base-package="com.mc.service" />
<bean id="BookServiceImpl" class="com.mc.service.BookServiceImpl"> <property name="bookMapper" ref="bookMapper"/> </bean>
<bean id="transactionManager" class="org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DataSourceTransactionManager"> <property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource" /> </bean>
</beans>
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Spring层搞定!再次理解一下,Spring就是一个大杂烩,一个容器!对吧!
整合SpringMVC

首先让项目支持Web
1、web.xml
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| <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <web-app xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_4_0.xsd" version="4.0">
<servlet> <servlet-name>DispatcherServlet</servlet-name> <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class> <init-param> <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name> <param-value>classpath:applicationContext.xml</param-value> </init-param> <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup> </servlet> <servlet-mapping> <servlet-name>DispatcherServlet</servlet-name> <url-pattern>/</url-pattern> </servlet-mapping>
<filter> <filter-name>encodingFilter</filter-name> <filter-class> org.springframework.web.filter.CharacterEncodingFilter </filter-class> <init-param> <param-name>encoding</param-name> <param-value>utf-8</param-value> </init-param> </filter> <filter-mapping> <filter-name>encodingFilter</filter-name> <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern> </filter-mapping> <session-config> <session-timeout>15</session-timeout> </session-config> </web-app>
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2、spring-mvc.xml
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| <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context" xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc https://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc.xsd">
<mvc:annotation-driven /> <mvc:default-servlet-handler/>
<bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver"> <property name="viewClass" value="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.JstlView" /> <property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/jsp/" /> <property name="suffix" value=".jsp" /> </bean>
<context:component-scan base-package="com.kuang.controller" />
</beans>
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3、Spring配置整合文件,applicationContext.xml
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| <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd">
<import resource="spring-dao.xml"/> <import resource="spring-service.xml"/> <import resource="spring-mvc.xml"/> </beans>
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配置结束!!
业务功能编写

1、BookController 类编写 , 方法一:查询全部书籍
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| @Controller @RequestMapping("/book") public class BookController {
@Autowired @Qualifier("BookServiceImpl") private BookService bookService;
@RequestMapping("/allBook") public String list(Model model) { List<Books> list = bookService.queryAllBook(); model.addAttribute("list", list); return "allBook"; } }
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2、编写首页 index.jsp
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| <%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8" pageEncoding="UTF-8" %> <!DOCTYPE HTML> <html> <head> <title>首页</title> <style type="text/css"> a { text-decoration: none; color: black; font-size: 18px; } h3 { width: 180px; height: 38px; margin: 100px auto; text-align: center; line-height: 38px; background: deepskyblue; border-radius: 4px; } </style> </head> <body>
<h3> <a href="${pageContext.request.contextPath}/book/allBook">点击进入列表页</a> </h3> </body> </html>
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3、书籍列表页面 allbook.jsp
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| <%@ taglib prefix="c" uri="http://java.sun.com/jsp/jstl/core" %> <%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %> <html> <head> <title>书籍列表</title> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0"> <link href="https://cdn.bootcss.com/bootstrap/3.3.7/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body>
<div class="container">
<div class="row clearfix"> <div class="col-md-12 column"> <div class="page-header"> <h1> <small>书籍列表 —— 显示所有书籍</small> </h1> </div> </div> </div>
<div class="row"> <div class="col-md-4 column"> <a class="btn btn-primary" href="${pageContext.request.contextPath}/book/toAddBook">新增</a> </div> </div>
<div class="row clearfix"> <div class="col-md-12 column"> <table class="table table-hover table-striped"> <thead> <tr> <th>书籍编号</th> <th>书籍名字</th> <th>书籍数量</th> <th>书籍详情</th> <th>操作</th> </tr> </thead>
<tbody> <c:forEach var="book" items="${requestScope.get('list')}"> <tr> <td>${book.getBookID()}</td> <td>${book.getBookName()}</td> <td>${book.getBookCounts()}</td> <td>${book.getDetail()}</td> <td> <a href="${pageContext.request.contextPath}/book/toUpdateBook?id=${book.getBookID()}">更改</a> | <a href="${pageContext.request.contextPath}/book/del/${book.getBookID()}">删除</a> </td> </tr> </c:forEach> </tbody> </table> </div> </div> </div>
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4、BookController 类编写 , 方法二:添加书籍
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| @RequestMapping("/toAddBook") public String toAddPaper() { return "addBook"; }
@RequestMapping("/addBook") public String addPaper(Books books) { System.out.println(books); bookService.addBook(books); return "redirect:/book/allBook"; }
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5、添加书籍页面:addBook.jsp
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| <%@ taglib prefix="c" uri="http://java.sun.com/jsp/jstl/core" %> <%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
<html> <head> <title>新增书籍</title> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0"> <!-- 引入 Bootstrap --> <link href="https://cdn.bootcss.com/bootstrap/3.3.7/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <div class="container">
<div class="row clearfix"> <div class="col-md-12 column"> <div class="page-header"> <h1> <small>新增书籍</small> </h1> </div> </div> </div> <form action="${pageContext.request.contextPath}/book/addBook" method="post"> 书籍名称:<input type="text" name="bookName"><br><br><br> 书籍数量:<input type="text" name="bookCounts"><br><br><br> 书籍详情:<input type="text" name="detail"><br><br><br> <input type="submit" value="添加"> </form>
</div>
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6、BookController 类编写 , 方法三:修改书籍
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| @RequestMapping("/toUpdateBook") public String toUpdateBook(Model model, int id) { Books books = bookService.queryBookById(id); System.out.println(books); model.addAttribute("book",books ); return "updateBook"; }
@RequestMapping("/updateBook") public String updateBook(Model model, Books book) { System.out.println(book); bookService.updateBook(book); Books books = bookService.queryBookById(book.getBookID()); model.addAttribute("books", books); return "redirect:/book/allBook"; }
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7、修改书籍页面 updateBook.jsp
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| <%@ taglib prefix="c" uri="http://java.sun.com/jsp/jstl/core" %> <%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %> <html> <head> <title>修改信息</title> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0"> <link href="https://cdn.bootcss.com/bootstrap/3.3.7/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <div class="container">
<div class="row clearfix"> <div class="col-md-12 column"> <div class="page-header"> <h1> <small>修改信息</small> </h1> </div> </div> </div>
<form action="${pageContext.request.contextPath}/book/updateBook" method="post"> <input type="hidden" name="bookID" value="${book.getBookID()}"/> 书籍名称:<input type="text" name="bookName" value="${book.getBookName()}"/> 书籍数量:<input type="text" name="bookCounts" value="${book.getBookCounts()}"/> 书籍详情:<input type="text" name="detail" value="${book.getDetail() }"/> <input type="submit" value="提交"/> </form>
</div>
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8、BookController 类编写 , 方法四:删除书籍
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| @RequestMapping("/del/{bookId}") public String deleteBook(@PathVariable("bookId") int id) { bookService.deleteBookById(id); return "redirect:/book/allBook"; }
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MVC拦截器
SpringMVC的处理器拦截器类似于Servlet开发中的过滤器Filter,用于对处理器进行预处理和后处理。开发者可以自己定义一些拦截器来实现特定的功能。
过滤器与拦截器的区别:拦截器是AOP思想的具体应用。
过滤器
- servlet规范中的一部分,任何java web工程都可以使用
- 在url-pattern中配置了/*之后,可以对所有要访问的资源进行拦截
拦截器
- 拦截器是SpringMVC框架自己的,只有使用了SpringMVC框架的工程才能使用
- 拦截器只会拦截访问的控制器方法, 如果访问的是jsp/html/css/image/js是不会进行拦截的
自定义拦截器
那如何实现拦截器呢?
想要自定义拦截器,必须实现 HandlerInterceptor 接口。
1、新建一个Moudule , springmvc-07-Interceptor , 添加web支持
2、配置web.xml 和 springmvc-servlet.xml 文件
3、编写一个拦截器
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| package com.kuang.interceptor;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.HandlerInterceptor; import org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
public class MyInterceptor implements HandlerInterceptor {
public boolean preHandle(HttpServletRequest httpServletRequest, HttpServletResponse httpServletResponse, Object o) throws Exception { System.out.println("------------处理前------------"); return true; }
public void postHandle(HttpServletRequest httpServletRequest, HttpServletResponse httpServletResponse, Object o, ModelAndView modelAndView) throws Exception { System.out.println("------------处理后------------"); }
public void afterCompletion(HttpServletRequest httpServletRequest, HttpServletResponse httpServletResponse, Object o, Exception e) throws Exception { System.out.println("------------清理------------"); } }
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4、在springmvc的配置文件中配置拦截器
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| <mvc:interceptors> <mvc:interceptor> <mvc:mapping path="/**"/> <bean class="com.kuang.interceptor.MyInterceptor"/> </mvc:interceptor> </mvc:interceptors>
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5、编写一个Controller,接收请求
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| package com.kuang.controller;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ResponseBody;
@Controller public class InterceptorController {
@RequestMapping("/interceptor") @ResponseBody public String testFunction() { System.out.println("控制器中的方法执行了"); return "hello"; } }
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6、前端 index.jsp
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| <a href="${pageContext.request.contextPath}/interceptor">拦截器测试</a>
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7、启动tomcat 测试一下!
验证用户是否登录 (认证用户)
实现思路
1、有一个登陆页面,需要写一个controller访问页面。
2、登陆页面有一提交表单的动作。需要在controller中处理。判断用户名密码是否正确。如果正确,向session中写入用户信息。返回登陆成功。
3、拦截用户请求,判断用户是否登陆。如果用户已经登陆。放行, 如果用户未登陆,跳转到登陆页面
测试:
1、编写一个登陆页面 login.jsp
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| <%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %> <html> <head> <title>Title</title> </head>
<h1>登录页面</h1> <hr>
<body> <form action="${pageContext.request.contextPath}/user/login"> 用户名:<input type="text" name="username"> <br> 密码:<input type="password" name="pwd"> <br> <input type="submit" value="提交"> </form> </body> </html>
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2、编写一个Controller处理请求
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| package com.kuang.controller;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpSession;
@Controller @RequestMapping("/user") public class UserController {
@RequestMapping("/jumplogin") public String jumpLogin() throws Exception { return "login"; }
@RequestMapping("/jumpSuccess") public String jumpSuccess() throws Exception { return "success"; }
@RequestMapping("/login") public String login(HttpSession session, String username, String pwd) throws Exception { System.out.println("接收前端==="+username); session.setAttribute("user", username); return "success"; }
@RequestMapping("logout") public String logout(HttpSession session) throws Exception { session.invalidate(); return "login"; } }
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3、编写一个登陆成功的页面 success.jsp
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| <%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %> <html> <head> <title>Title</title> </head> <body>
<h1>登录成功页面</h1> <hr>
${user} <a href="${pageContext.request.contextPath}/user/logout">注销</a> </body> </html>
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4、在 index 页面上测试跳转!启动Tomcat 测试,未登录也可以进入主页!
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| <%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %> <html> <head> <title>$Title$</title> </head> <body> <h1>首页</h1> <hr> <%--登录--%> <a href="${pageContext.request.contextPath}/user/jumplogin">登录</a> <a href="${pageContext.request.contextPath}/user/jumpSuccess">成功页面</a> </body> </html>
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5、编写用户登录拦截器
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| package com.kuang.interceptor;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.HandlerInterceptor; import org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView;
import javax.servlet.ServletException; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse; import javax.servlet.http.HttpSession; import java.io.IOException;
public class LoginInterceptor implements HandlerInterceptor {
public boolean preHandle(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler) throws ServletException, IOException { System.out.println("uri: " + request.getRequestURI()); if (request.getRequestURI().contains("login")) { return true; }
HttpSession session = request.getSession();
if(session.getAttribute("user") != null) { return true; }
request.getRequestDispatcher("/WEB-INF/jsp/login.jsp").forward(request, response); return false; }
public void postHandle(HttpServletRequest httpServletRequest, HttpServletResponse httpServletResponse, Object o, ModelAndView modelAndView) throws Exception {
} public void afterCompletion(HttpServletRequest httpServletRequest, HttpServletResponse httpServletResponse, Object o, Exception e) throws Exception {
} }
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6、在Springmvc的配置文件中注册拦截器
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| <mvc:interceptors> <mvc:interceptor> <mvc:mapping path="/**"/> <bean id="loginInterceptor" class="com.kuang.interceptor.LoginInterceptor"/> </mvc:interceptor> </mvc:interceptors>
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7、再次重启Tomcat测试!
OK,测试登录拦截功能无误.
文件上传下载
文件上传是项目开发中最常见的功能之一 ,springMVC 可以很好的支持文件上传,但是SpringMVC上下文中默认没有装配MultipartResolver,因此默认情况下其不能处理文件上传工作。如果想使用Spring的文件上传功能,则需要在上下文中配置MultipartResolver。
前端表单要求:为了能上传文件,必须将表单的method设置为POST,并将enctype设置为multipart/form-data。只有在这样的情况下,浏览器才会把用户选择的文件以二进制数据发送给服务器;
对表单中的 enctype 属性做个详细的说明:
- application/x-www=form-urlencoded:默认方式,只处理表单域中的 value 属性值,采用这种编码方式的表单会将表单域中的值处理成 URL 编码方式。
- multipart/form-data:这种编码方式会以二进制流的方式来处理表单数据,这种编码方式会把文件域指定文件的内容也封装到请求参数中,不会对字符编码。
- text/plain:除了把空格转换为 “+” 号外,其他字符都不做编码处理,这种方式适用直接通过表单发送邮件。
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| <form action="" enctype="multipart/form-data" method="post"> <input type="file" name="file"/> <input type="submit"> </form>
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一旦设置了enctype为multipart/form-data,浏览器即会采用二进制流的方式来处理表单数据,而对于文件上传的处理则涉及在服务器端解析原始的HTTP响应。在2003年,Apache Software Foundation发布了开源的Commons FileUpload组件,其很快成为Servlet/JSP程序员上传文件的最佳选择。
- Servlet3.0规范已经提供方法来处理文件上传,但这种上传需要在Servlet中完成。
- 而Spring MVC则提供了更简单的封装。
- Spring MVC为文件上传提供了直接的支持,这种支持是用即插即用的MultipartResolver实现的。
- Spring MVC使用Apache Commons FileUpload技术实现了一个MultipartResolver实现类:
- CommonsMultipartResolver。因此,SpringMVC的文件上传还需要依赖Apache Commons FileUpload的组件。
文件上传
1、导入文件上传的jar包,commons-fileupload , Maven会自动帮我们导入他的依赖包 commons-io包;
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| <dependency> <groupId>commons-fileupload</groupId> <artifactId>commons-fileupload</artifactId> <version>1.3.3</version> </dependency>
<dependency> <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId> <artifactId>javax.servlet-api</artifactId> <version>4.0.1</version> </dependency>
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2、配置bean:multipartResolver
【注意!!!这个bena的id必须为:multipartResolver , 否则上传文件会报400的错误!在这里栽过坑,教训!】
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| <bean id="multipartResolver" class="org.springframework.web.multipart.commons.CommonsMultipartResolver"> <property name="defaultEncoding" value="utf-8"/> <property name="maxUploadSize" value="10485760"/> <property name="maxInMemorySize" value="40960"/> </bean>
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CommonsMultipartFile 的 常用方法:
String getOriginalFilename():获取上传文件的原名
InputStream getInputStream():获取文件流
void transferTo(File dest):将上传文件保存到一个目录文件中
我们去实际测试一下
3、编写前端页面
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| <form action="/upload" enctype="multipart/form-data" method="post"> <input type="file" name="file"/> <input type="submit" value="upload"> </form>
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4、Controller
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| package com.kuang.controller;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestParam; import org.springframework.web.multipart.commons.CommonsMultipartFile;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest; import java.io.*;
@Controller public class FileController { @RequestMapping("/upload") public String fileUpload(@RequestParam("file") CommonsMultipartFile file , HttpServletRequest request) throws IOException {
String uploadFileName = file.getOriginalFilename();
if ("".equals(uploadFileName)){ return "redirect:/index.jsp"; } System.out.println("上传文件名 : "+uploadFileName);
String path = request.getServletContext().getRealPath("/upload"); File realPath = new File(path); if (!realPath.exists()){ realPath.mkdir(); } System.out.println("上传文件保存地址:"+realPath);
InputStream is = file.getInputStream(); OutputStream os = new FileOutputStream(new File(realPath,uploadFileName));
int len=0; byte[] buffer = new byte[1024]; while ((len=is.read(buffer))!=-1){ os.write(buffer,0,len); os.flush(); } os.close(); is.close(); return "redirect:/index.jsp"; } }
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5、测试上传文件,OK!
采用file.Transto 来保存上传的文件
1、编写Controller
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@RequestMapping("/upload2") public String fileUpload2(@RequestParam("file") CommonsMultipartFile file, HttpServletRequest request) throws IOException {
String path = request.getServletContext().getRealPath("/upload"); File realPath = new File(path); if (!realPath.exists()){ realPath.mkdir(); } System.out.println("上传文件保存地址:"+realPath);
file.transferTo(new File(realPath +"/"+ file.getOriginalFilename()));
return "redirect:/index.jsp"; }
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2、前端表单提交地址修改
3、访问提交测试,OK!
文件下载
文件下载步骤:
1、设置 response 响应头
2、读取文件 – InputStream
3、写出文件 – OutputStream
4、执行操作
5、关闭流 (先开后关)
代码实现:
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| @RequestMapping(value="/download") public String downloads(HttpServletResponse response ,HttpServletRequest request) throws Exception{ String path = request.getServletContext().getRealPath("/upload"); String fileName = "基础语法.jpg";
response.reset(); response.setCharacterEncoding("UTF-8"); response.setContentType("multipart/form-data"); response.setHeader("Content-Disposition", "attachment;fileName="+URLEncoder.encode(fileName, "UTF-8"));
File file = new File(path,fileName); InputStream input=new FileInputStream(file); OutputStream out = response.getOutputStream();
byte[] buff =new byte[1024]; int index=0; while((index= input.read(buff))!= -1){ out.write(buff, 0, index); out.flush(); } out.close(); input.close(); return null; }
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前端
1
| <a href="/download">点击下载</a>
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测试,文件下载OK,大家可以和我们之前学习的JavaWeb原生的方式对比一下,就可以知道这个便捷多了!